The aim of this UC is to provide the student with an integrated perspective of the central role of chronic inflammation in some of the most challenging diseases of our time, including inflammatory rheumatic diseases, ocular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and even muscle involvement. The potential of new research methodologies to improve the current knowledge and the identification of new therapeutic targets. Allowing the breadth of drugs currently available for more than a century to alleviate symptoms (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug), to disease-modifying drugs and so-called biologics that promise more targeted treatments. And an overview on how chronic inflammation has been directly implicated in a wide range of degenerative human health disorders encompassing almost all present day non-communicable diseases. Several technologies allowing new diagnosis contributions and novel therapies improving efficiency in medical practice will be discussed. The contribution for personalized medicine in XXI century.